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Operators in Python

Operators in Python are special symbols used to perform operations on variables and values. Python supports several types of operators, each designed for a specific kind of operation.

1. Arithmetic Operators:

These operators are used to perform mathematical operations:

+ : Addition
- : Subtraction
* : Multiplication
/ : Division
% : Modulus
** : Exponentiation
// : Floor division

Python

x = 10
y = 3

print(x + y)  # Output: 13
print(x - y)  # Output: 7
print(x * y)  # Output: 30
print(x / y)  # Output: 3.3333333333333335
print(x % y)  # Output: 1
print(x ** y)  # Output: 1000
print(x // y)  # Output: 3

2. Comparison Operators:

Comparison operators are used to compare two values. They return a Boolean result:

== : Equal to
!= : Not equal to
> : Greater than
< : Less than
>= : Greater than or equal to
<= : Less than or equal to

Python

x = 10
y = 20

print(x == y)  # Output: False
print(x != y)  # Output: True
print(x > y)  # Output: False
print(x < y)  # Output: True
print(x >= y)  # Output: False
print(x <= y)  # Output: True

3. Logical Operators:

Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements:

and : Returns True if both statements are true
or : Returns True if one of the statements is true
not : Reverses the result, returns False if the result is true

Python

x = 10
y = 5
z = 20

print(x > y and z > x)  # Output: True
print(x > y or x > z)  # Output: True
print(not(x > y))  # Output: False

4. Assignment Operators:

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. They can also combine with arithmetic operators:

= : Assigns a value to a variable
+= : Adds and assigns
-= : Subtracts and assigns
*= : Multiplies and assigns
/= : Divides and assigns
%= : Modulus and assigns
**= : Exponentiation and assigns
//= : Floor division and assigns

Python

x = 10

x += 5  # x = x + 5
print(x)  # Output: 15

x *= 2  # x = x * 2
print(x)  # Output: 30

x //= 3  # x = x // 3
print(x)  # Output: 10

5. Bitwise Operators:

Bitwise operators are used to compare binary numbers:

& : AND
| : OR
^ : XOR
~ : NOT
<< : Zero fill left shift
>> : Signed right shift

Python

x = 5  # 0101 in binary
y = 3  # 0011 in binary

print(x & y)  # Output: 1 (0001 in binary)
print(x | y)  # Output: 7 (0111 in binary)
print(x ^ y)  # Output: 6 (0110 in binary)
print(~x)  # Output: -6 (inverts all bits)
print(x << 2)  # Output: 20 (010100 in binary)
print(x >> 2)  # Output: 1 (0001 in binary)

6. Identity Operators:

Identity operators are used to compare the memory locations of two objects:

is : Returns True if both variables are the same object
is not : Returns True if both variables are not the same object

Python

x = ["apple", "banana"]
y = ["apple", "banana"]
z = x

print(x is z)  # Output: True (same object)
print(x is y)  # Output: False (different objects with same content)
print(x == y)  # Output: True (same content)

7. Membership Operators:

Membership operators are used to test whether a sequence is presented in an object:

in : Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object
not in : Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object

Python

x = ["apple", "banana"]

print("banana" in x)  # Output: True
print("cherry" not in x)  # Output: True

Understanding and using operators effectively is fundamental in Python programming as they form the basis of many operations you perform in your code.

Operators in Python

Python mein operators special symbols hote hain jo variables aur values par operations karte hain. Python kai types ke operators ko support karta hai, aur har operator specific operations ke liye design kiya gaya hai.

1. Arithmetic Operators:

Yeh operators mathematical operations perform karte hain:

+ : Addition (Jodna)
- : Subtraction (Ghatana)
* : Multiplication (Gunana)
/ : Division (Vibhajan)
% : Modulus (Sheshfal nikalna)
** : Exponentiation (Power)
// : Floor division (Divide karke floor value lena)

Python

x = 10
y = 3

print(x + y)  # Output: 13
print(x - y)  # Output: 7
print(x * y)  # Output: 30
print(x / y)  # Output: 3.3333333333333335
print(x % y)  # Output: 1
print(x ** y)  # Output: 1000
print(x // y)  # Output: 3

2. Comparison Operators:

Comparison operators do values ko compare karte hain. Yeh Boolean result return karte hain:

== : Barabar hona
!= : Barabar na hona
> : Bada hona
< : Chhota hona
<= : Barabar ya chhota hona

Python

x = 10
y = 20

print(x == y)  # Output: False
print(x != y)  # Output: True
print(x > y)  # Output: False
print(x < y)  # Output: True
print(x >= y)  # Output: False
print(x <= y)  # Output: True

3. Logical Operators:

Logical operators conditional statements ko combine karne ke liye use hote hain:

and : Tabhi True return karega jab dono statements true ho
or : Tab True return karega jab ek bhi statement true ho
not : Result ko reverse kar deta hai, agar result true hai to False return karega

Python

x = 10
y = 5
z = 20

print(x > y and z > x)  # Output: True
print(x > y or x > z)  # Output: True
print(not(x > y))  # Output: False

4. Assignment Operators:

Assignment operators values ko variables mein assign karte hain. Inhe arithmetic operators ke saath combine bhi kiya ja sakta hai:

= : Variable ko value assign karta hai
+= : Add karke assign karta hai
-= : Subtract karke assign karta hai
*= : Multiply karke assign karta hai
/= : Divide karke assign karta hai
%= : Modulus karke assign karta hai
**= : Exponentiation karke assign karta hai
//= : Floor division karke assign karta hai

Python

x = 10

x += 5  # x = x + 5
print(x)  # Output: 15

x *= 2  # x = x * 2
print(x)  # Output: 30

x //= 3  # x = x // 3
print(x)  # Output: 10

5. Bitwise Operators:

Bitwise operators binary numbers ko compare karte hain:

& : AND
| : OR
^ : XOR
~ : NOT
<<< /code> : Zero fill left shift


            >> : Signed right shift


        
            
            
                Python 
                 
            
            x = 5  # 0101 in binary
y = 3  # 0011 in binary

print(x & y)  # Output: 1 (0001 in binary)
print(x | y)  # Output: 7 (0111 in binary)
print(x ^ y)  # Output: 6 (0110 in binary)
print(~x)  # Output: -6 (inverts all bits)
print(x << 2)  # Output: 20 (010100 in binary)
print(x >> 2)  # Output: 1 (0001 in binary)
        

        6. Identity Operators:
        Identity operators do objects ke memory locations ko compare karte hain:
        
            is : Tab True return karta hai jab dono variables same object ho
            is not : Tab True return karta hai jab dono variables alag object ho
        
        
            
            
                Python 
                 
            
            x = ["apple", "banana"]
y = ["apple", "banana"]
z = x

print(x is z)  # Output: True (same object)
print(x is y)  # Output: False (different objects with same content)
print(x == y)  # Output: True (same content)
        

        7. Membership Operators:
        Membership operators ka use hota hai test karne ke liye ki koi sequence object mein present hai ya nahi:
        
            in : Tab True return karta hai jab sequence object ke andar ho
            not in : Tab True return karta hai jab sequence object ke andar nahi ho
        
        
            
            
                Python 
                 
            
            x = ["apple", "banana"]

print("banana" in x)  # Output: True
print("cherry" not in x)  # Output: True
        

        Operators ko samajhna aur unhe effectively use karna Python programming ka ek basic hissa hai, kyunki yeh kai operations ka foundation form karte hain jo aap apne code mein perform karte hain.

Python Topics

Operators in Python

1. Arithmetic Operators:

2. Comparison Operators:

3. Logical Operators:

4. Assignment Operators:

5. Bitwise Operators:

6. Identity Operators:

7. Membership Operators:

Operators in Python

1. Arithmetic Operators:

2. Comparison Operators:

3. Logical Operators:

4. Assignment Operators:

5. Bitwise Operators:

6. Identity Operators:

7. Membership Operators: