Python - Glossary

Python Glossary

This glossary provides definitions and examples for common Python terms and concepts, helping you understand the language's key features and usage.

Glossary Terms

Function: A block of reusable code that performs a specific task. Functions are defined using the def keyword. Functions can accept input parameters and return a result.
Python
```
def greet(name):
    return "Hello, " + name

print(greet("Alice"))  # Output: Hello, Alice
```

Loop: A programming construct that repeats a block of code. Common loops in Python are for and while loops.

Python

# For loop example
for i in range(5):
    print(i)  # Output: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

# While loop example
count = 0
while count < 5:
    print(count)  # Output: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
    count += 1

List: An ordered collection of items in Python, which can contain elements of different types. Lists are mutable, meaning their elements can be changed.
Python
```
my_list = [1, "apple", 3.14]
my_list[1] = "orange"
print(my_list)  # Output: [1, "orange", 3.14]
```
Tuple: Similar to a list, but immutable. Tuples cannot be modified after they are created, making them useful for data that should not change.
Python
```
my_tuple = (1, "apple", 3.14)
# my_tuple[1] = "orange"  # This will raise a TypeError
```
Dictionary: A collection of key-value pairs, where each key is unique. Dictionaries are mutable, and keys are used to access the associated values.
Python
```
my_dict = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25}
print(my_dict["name"])  # Output: Alice
```
Set: An unordered collection of unique elements. Sets are useful for removing duplicates from a sequence and performing set operations like unions and intersections.
Python
```
my_set = {1, 2, 3, 3}
print(my_set)  # Output: {1, 2, 3}
```
Module: A file containing Python code that can be imported and used in other Python scripts. Modules help organize and reuse code.
Python
```
# math_module.py
def add(a, b):
    return a + b

# main.py
import math_module
print(math_module.add(5, 3))  # Output: 8
```

Class: A blueprint for creating objects, providing initial values for state (attributes) and implementations of behavior (methods).

Python

class Dog:
    def __init__(self, name, breed):
        self.name = name
        self.breed = breed

    def bark(self):
        return "Woof!"

my_dog = Dog("Buddy", "Golden Retriever")
print(my_dog.bark())  # Output: Woof!

Object: An instance of a class. Objects can have attributes (variables) and methods (functions) defined by their class.
Python
```
my_dog = Dog("Buddy", "Golden Retriever")
print(my_dog.name)  # Output: Buddy
```
Exception: An error that occurs during the execution of a program. Python provides a way to handle exceptions gracefully using try, except, and finally blocks.
Python
```
try:
    result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Cannot divide by zero")
finally:
    print("Execution complete")
```

Additional Terms

Variable: A named location in memory used to store data. Variables are created by assigning a value to a name.
Python
```
x = 10
y = "Hello, World!"
```
Immutable: An object whose state cannot be modified after it is created. Examples of immutable objects in Python include strings, tuples, and numbers.
Python
```
text = "hello"
# text[0] = "H"  # This will raise a TypeError
```
Mutable: An object that can be modified after it is created. Examples of mutable objects in Python include lists, dictionaries, and sets.
Python
```
my_list = [1, 2, 3]
my_list[0] = 0  # Now my_list is [0, 2, 3]
```

Python Glossary

Ye glossary Python ke common terms aur concepts ke definitions aur examples provide karti hai, jo aapko language ke key features aur usage samajhne mein madad karegi.

Glossary Terms

Function: Ek block of reusable code jo ek specific task perform karta hai. Functions ko def keyword se define kiya jata hai. Functions input parameters accept kar sakte hain aur ek result return kar sakte hain.
Python
```
def greet(name):
    return "Hello, " + name

print(greet("Alice"))  # Output: Hello, Alice
```

Loop: Ek programming construct jo ek block of code ko repeat karta hai. Python mein common loops hain for aur while loops.

Python

# For loop example
for i in range(5):
    print(i)  # Output: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

# While loop example
count = 0
while count < 5:
    print(count)  # Output: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
    count += 1

List: Python mein ek ordered collection of items jo different types ke elements contain kar sakti hai. Lists mutable hoti hain, yani unke elements ko change kiya ja sakta hai.
Python
```
my_list = [1, "apple", 3.14]
my_list[1] = "orange"
print(my_list)  # Output: [1, "orange", 3.14]
```
Tuple: List ki tarah hoti hai, lekin immutable hoti hai. Tuples ko create karne ke baad modify nahi kiya ja sakta, jo unhe aise data ke liye useful banata hai jo change nahi hona chahiye.
Python
```
my_tuple = (1, "apple", 3.14)
# my_tuple[1] = "orange"  # Yeh TypeError raise karega
```
Dictionary: Key-value pairs ka ek collection hai, jahan har key unique hoti hai. Dictionaries mutable hoti hain, aur keys ke through associated values ko access kiya ja sakta hai.
Python
```
my_dict = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25}
print(my_dict["name"])  # Output: Alice
```
Set: Ek unordered collection of unique elements. Sets duplicates ko remove karne aur set operations jaise unions aur intersections perform karne ke liye useful hoti hain.
Python
```
my_set = {1, 2, 3, 3}
print(my_set)  # Output: {1, 2, 3}
```
Module: Ek file jo Python code contain karti hai aur dusre Python scripts mein import aur use ki ja sakti hai. Modules code ko organize aur reuse karne mein madad karte hain.
Python
```
# math_module.py
def add(a, b):
    return a + b

# main.py
import math_module
print(math_module.add(5, 3))  # Output: 8
```

Class: Ek blueprint hoti hai objects create karne ke liye, jo state (attributes) ke initial values aur behavior (methods) ke implementations provide karti hai.

Python

class Dog:
    def __init__(self, name, breed):
        self.name = name
        self.breed = breed

    def bark(self):
        return "Woof!"

my_dog = Dog("Buddy", "Golden Retriever")
print(my_dog.bark())  # Output: Woof!

Object: Ek instance hoti hai ek class ki. Objects apni class ke attributes (variables) aur methods (functions) ko hold karte hain.
Python
```
my_dog = Dog("Buddy", "Golden Retriever")
print(my_dog.name)  # Output: Buddy
```
Exception: Ek error jo program ke execution ke dauran hoti hai. Python ek tarika provide karta hai exceptions ko gracefully handle karne ka try, except, aur finally blocks ke through.
Python
```
try:
    result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Cannot divide by zero")
finally:
    print("Execution complete")
```

Additional Terms

Variable: Ek named location hoti hai memory mein jo data store karti hai. Variables ko ek value ko kisi name se assign karke create kiya jata hai.
Python
```
x = 10
y = "Hello, World!"
```
Immutable: Ek aisi object jiski state uske create hone ke baad modify nahi ki ja sakti. Python mein immutable objects ke examples hain strings, tuples, aur numbers.
Python
```
text = "hello"
# text[0] = "H"  # Yeh TypeError raise karega
```
Mutable: Ek aisi object jo create hone ke baad modify ki ja sakti hai. Python mein mutable objects ke examples hain lists, dictionaries, aur sets.
Python
```
my_list = [1, 2, 3]
my_list[0] = 0  # Ab my_list hai [0, 2, 3]
```

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Python Glossary

Glossary Terms

Additional Terms

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